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Biography

Nivea Dias dos Santos

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I am the daughter of a working-class Brazilian family, with an ancestry that includes indigenous people, enslaved black people, and Portuguese colonizers, I was born in the middle of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro State in 1984, and my childhood was spent hiking through the rainforest mountains with my father. My first contact with mosses was when I was 5 or 6 years old on a school trip around a reservoir near our house. Concrete tables and benches, rocks, tree trunks – everything was green, humid, and beautiful! I was enchanted by that emerald landscape, and for the first time I looked at those small leaves, happy and full of life, releasing water droplets from their tips in a very different way – an unforgettable experience that has lasted to the present day.

My interest in life, its beauty, and its interactions, continued over time. I remember being intrigued when observing epiphytic bromeliads on the trees in the backyard while doing high school homework. In 2002, I started my undergraduate work in the Biological Sciences at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (a turning point in my life). While doing fieldwork on Ilha Grande (an island located between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) in 2003, I fell in love with algae and their ecology, but as I didn’t know how to swim, it didn’t seem to be an ideal group for a professional career. When I started studying bryophytes I thought, “Wow, algae on land! What a perfect group and bioindicator life form!” On the recommendation of the Botany professor, Ana Angélica de Barros, I went to see Dr. Denise Pinheiro da Costa at the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (JBRJ), who readily agreed to orient my studies. Denise was my scientific supporter and mentor until the end of my doctorate, in 2011. During these formative years (at JBRJ and the State University of Campinas campus), we studied the altitudinal distributions of bryophytes in the Atlantic Forest mountains of southeastern Brazil (an important center of diversity and endemism). Our main focus was on the ecological and biogeographical aspects affecting species distributions along altitudinal gradients in tropical forests.

Between 2011 and 2015 I worked in northeastern Brazil, in the Bryophyte Biology Laboratory at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) coordinated by Dr. Kátia Pôrto. I started my teaching career there at UFPE (undergraduate and postgraduate) and supervised undergraduate, master’s, and doctorate students studying bryophytes. During this period, I was able to visit the Caatinga, the semiarid phytogeographic domain that covers a large part of northeastern Brazil. Caatinga is generally classified as a dry forest, although it comprises a much greater physiognomic complexity – including enclaves of humid forests (Brejos de Altitude) that act as refuges in the middle of the otherwise dry hinterland. Our projects initially sought to understand the diversity and distribution of Caatinga bryophytes, the environmental factors that affect their distributions, and their functional traits (postgraduate projetcs by Dr. Joan Bruno Silva and MSc. Thamara Rodrigues). We subsequently focused on humid forests, their phytogeography, conservation, and bryoflora (postgraduate projects by Dr. Wanessa Batista).

I returned to Rio de Janeiro State in 2015 to work in the Cryptogam Laboratory at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Our main focus since then, together with a team of undergraduate (UFRRJ) and postgraduate students from the National Museum (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), has been campos de altitude (high-altitude fields), which are mountain ecosystems peripheral to humid Atlantic Forest formations. Those campos de altitude are “islands” on the very tops of isolated mountains in southeast and southern Brazil. Those sites harbor high concentrations and wide diversities of bryophytes with considerable endemism, as well as many species disjunct from the Andes and other tropical mountains. The enchanting landscape and biodiversity found in the campos de altitude of Itatiaia National Park (in 2006) have yielded many insights into the ecology and conservation of bryophytes as well as the effects of environmental changes on those species and the ecosystem (master’s degree projects by Elisângela Gaspar, Mateus Gonçalves, Tibério Vale, and Mayara Wienskoski). Together with work in campos de altitude, our laboratory team has been studying bryophytes from anthropic Atlantic Forest landscapes in Rio de Janeiro State and the influences of environmental gradients on the species there.

In a post-pandemic context, in a shattered, heated, and polarized world, about to turn 40 years old, I have found motivation to pursue my academic career. It is worth noting that, in addition to the Covid-19 pandemic, Brazil is only now starting to recover from a political dismantling of resources destined for Education, Science, and the Environment.

We still have much to learn from bryophytes in humid ecosystems such as forests, in dry and challenging domains such as Caatinga, in cold and extreme sites such as campos de altitude, and in the polluted environments of our cities. The memory of seeing mosses with water droplets during a field excursion on a 40° C (winter!) day still makes my eyes shine with happiness (and those of many students, too!). What, however, is the point of so much academic effort, and so much scientific productivity, if biodiversity continues to disappear? What value do we give to the historical knowledge and actions of original (indigenous) peoples or enslaved black peoples who protected and respected (even worshiped and cultivated!) this biodiversity for centuries? What is my social role as a professor at a public university in a poor region of Brazil?

Since 2020, I have sought to develop actions to integrate our accumulated knowledge and contribute to a rapprochement between science and society. Among those efforts, I can highlight the production and dissemination of educational and scientific material, assembling educational collections in terrariums, and coordinating extension projects such as exhibitions and workshops to raise awareness among students and the community surrounding our university. Extension efforts have become standard in my undergraduate courses, and have been pleasant and invigorating experiences. What will come after this 45° C winter? Bryophytes have answers. I hope we have the time and the willingness to love and to learn.

Ah, yes, why do I love bryology? Because I love minorities, I love collectivity, I love openness to the outside, I love matriarchal structures, I love water, and I love the wind. The divining shells of a babalorixá told me that the iabas Oxum and Iansã protect and guide me. As the poet Waly Salomão said, “the eye through which I see God is the same eye through which He sees me”.

Seropédica, September 20, 2023

Song “Olho d’água” (Composer: Waly Salomão, Lyricist: Caetano Veloso, Performer: Maria Bethânia): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgePv2lyu_s

CV: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6761006802336268

Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nivea-Santos

ResearchID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-0459

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6xTomRtwge1jxo1AulCIzg

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/briofitas

Selected references

Gonçalves MTA, Peralta DF, Santos ND. 2023. Regional risk assessment of high-altitude field mosses. Acta Botanica Brasilica (in press).

Gonçalves MTA, Peralta DF, Santos ND. 2022. Rediscovering Andreaea subulata Harv., a critically endangered moss in Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 36: e20220165.

Wienskoski MB, Santos ND. 2022. Post-fire effects on bryophytes in high-altitude fields. Acta Botanica Brasilica 36: e2021abb0250.

Batista WVSM, Pôrto KC, Santos ND. 2021. Niche-based processes structure tropical bryophyte assemblages in phytogeographic domains of brazil. Flora 282: 151875.

Silva JB, Germano SR, Silva ASM, Santos ND. 2019. A small elevational gradient shows negative bottom-to-top bryophyte richness in a seasonally dry forest in Brazil. Cryptogamie Bryologie 40: 233-244.

Silva JB, Sfair JC, Santos ND, Pôrto KC. 2018. Bryophyte richness of soil islands on rocky outcrops is not driven by island size or habitat heterogeneity. Acta Botanica Brasilica 32: 161-168, 2018.

Batista WVSM, Pôrto KC, Santos ND. 2018. Distribution, ecology, and reproduction of bryophytes in a humid enclave in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 32: 303-313.

Silva JB, Sfair JC, Santos ND, Pôrto KC. 2018. Different trait arrangements can blur the significance of ecological drivers of community assembly of mosses from rocky outcrops. Flora 238: 43-50.

Santos ND, Costa DP, Kinoshita LS, Sherpherd GJ. 2017. Variations in bryophyte communities in a short elevational gradient in Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Cryptogamie Bryologie 38: 191-211.

Silva ASM, Gaspar EP, Conceição FP, Santos ND, Costa DP. 2016. Reproductive biology of Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Steph. (Adelanthaceae, Marchantiophyta), a liverwort disjunctly distributed in high-altitude Neotropical mountains. Plant Biology 18: 601-608.

Batista WVSM, Santos ND. 2016. Can regional and local filters explain epiphyte bryophyte distributions in the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest? Acta Botanica Brasilica 30: 462-472, 2016.

Costa DP, Santos ND, Rezende MA, Buck WR, Schaffer-Verwimp A. 2015. Bryoflora of the Itatiaia National Park along an elevation gradient: diversity and conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 24: 2199-2212.

Santos ND, Costa DP, Kinoshita LS, Sherpherd GJ. 2014. Windborne: Can liverworts be used as indicators of altitudinal gradient in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest? Ecological Indicators 36: 431-440.

Silva JB, Santos ND, Pôrto KC. 2014. ?eta-diversity: effect of geographical distance and environmental gradients on the rocky outcrop bryophytes. Cryptogamie Bryologie 35: 133-163.

Silva ASM, Santos ND. 2011. Detecting herbivory in two mosses from an Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Journal of Bryology 33: 140-147.

Costa DP, Santos ND, et al. 2011. Synopsis of the brazilian moss flora: checklist, synonyms, distribution and conservation. Nova Hedwigia 93: 277-334.

Santos ND, Costa DP. 2010. Phytogeography of the liverwort flora of the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Journal of Bryology 32: 9-22.

Santos ND, Costa DP. 2010. Altitudinal Zonation of Liverworts in the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. The Bryologist 113: 631-645.